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by L Shcherbak · 2015 · Cited by 10 — our being able to assure the formation of well-defined doped regions. ... exponential factor, D0,and the activation energy, ΔEa, of different species: This ... Keywords: CdTe, impurities diffusion, Arrhenius' equation, ... The origin of the MNR or CEF is not clear in spite of many attempts to clarify it [9, 12, and.. Time-saving lesson video on Activation Energy & Arrhenius Equation with clear explanations and tons of step-by-step examples. Start learning today!. by ZA Piskulich · 2019 · Cited by 19 — energy: one constructs an Arrhenius plot of ln k(T) versus 1/T and the slope is ... example, the temperature (β) derivative of the average time-.. Arrhenius Equation Activation Energy Derivation Definition Collision theory is a theory proposed independently by Max Trautz in 1916 and William Lewis in .... Explain the Arrhenius equation and the meaning of the variables contained within it ... The equation is a combination of the concepts of activation energy and the .... The Arrhenius equation (effect of temperature and catalyst on rate). Recall that ... e-Ea/RT is the fraction of molecules whose kinetic energy is equal to or greater than Ea. Give the unit ... Derive the logarithmic form of the Arrhenius equation. ... An example of homogeneous catalysis: The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.. Notice that when the Arrhenius equation is rearranged as above it is a linear equation with the form y = mx + b; y is ln(k), x is 1/T, and m is -Ea/R. The activation .... by A Messaâdi · 2015 · Cited by 52 — Temperature and the Activation Energy for Some Newtonian ... some physical meaning of the proposed equation parameters. We add that the .... −Ea. RT. Both A and E a are specific to a given reaction. k is the rate constant. E a is the activation energy. R is the ideal-gas constant ... constant increases according to the Arrhenius Equation. Rate (M s-1) = k ... Arrhenius Equation, Example.. 10 In(k) = 40.83 - 15266/T r*= 1,000 -5 # Activation Energy = 30.33 -20 Too:: 0.0026 ooms ... Arrhenius plot of isoleucine epimerization in ostrich eggshell using rate ... to define the temperature-sensitivity of the isoleucine epimerization reaction. ... samples has been expanded recently, and our current Arrhenius derivation, .... Arrhenius Equation and EA Energy of Activation ... Ea. Example 1 ... The necessary units are included here to show you the derivation of units for Ea.. Algebraic equation that relates –rA to the concentrations of the reactants is called ... k is the specific rxn rate constant given by Arrhenius Equation: k = A e–E/RT ... Specific Reaction Rate Derivation ... Meaning of rate constant, activation energy.. by A Rate · Cited by 1 — example, a crushed aspirin will enter the bloodstream quicker. ... Relying on calculus, the law can be used to derive the following: 1/[At] = kt + 1/[A0] ... (-Ea/R). We can use a variation of the Arrhenius equation to obtain a relation between rate.. This means that ∆G° and K are readily translated: they describe the same essential idea ... equation) where Ea = (Arrhenius) activation energy and A "the pre-exponential factor", ... then the empirical formula of the transition state is. aA.bB.cC.. Limitations of the idea of Arrhenius activation energy — Both the Arrhenius activation energy and the rate constant k are experimentally determined, .... by ZA Piskulich · 2019 · Cited by 19 — Recent advances in the calculation and interpretation of the activation energy for a dynamical process are described. ... Arrhenius behavior as well as the changes in dynamical timescales with respect to other ... proach using simple derivations; the implications for ob- ... not depend on any definition of a transition state while.. What is the meaning of activation energy Eₐ? — What is the meaning of activation energy Eₐ? What is the Arrhenius equation - e, A, and k?. A single derived temperature that, if maintained over a defined period of time, affords the same ... ▫Arrhenius equation can be used to estimate accelerated aging! ▫Accelerated Aging ... Activation Energy: ∆ = 83.14472 kJ/mol. Aspirin: 122.2.. Jul 15, 2010 — Example. Problems. Problem 1 · Problem 2 · Problem 3 · Problem 4 ... The effect of temperature on k is described by the Arrhenius law, ... the initial reactants) and Ea is the activation energy, or the energy barrier ... The determination of A and Ea is often made graphically, through the use of an Arrhenius plot.. Give examples of temperature dependence of reaction rate constants (k). Define ... Substituting the values of Ea in Arrhenius equation, we get the value of A ... in particular, developed very general methods for deriving equations such as eq.. by MA Gosálvez · 2006 · Cited by 19 — This means that the experimentally measured activation energy ... activation energy Ea typically measured experimentally from an Arrhenius plot is ... derivation from equation (1) shows that the macroscopic activation energy .... Nov 1, 2017 — It is based on the Arrhenius equation, which describes the temperature ... This draft gives a much briefer definition: “Mean Kinetic Temperature (MKT) is ... The values used in the MKT formula are shown at right in the Equation Key. It should be noted that ΔH, the activation energy, describes the reaction rate .... Jun 1, 2016 — The Arrhenius Equation k = Ae −E a RT k is the rate constant Ea is the activation energy (to be discussed) “A” is the pre-exponential .... is the activation energy, kB is the Boltzmann constant, and T ... exponential A? The first attempt to define it comes from Transition State Theory (TST), which describes two chemical ... Using TST, the Arrhenius equation is ... equation, there are still several significant problems. ... squares method is a well-known formula.. the Greek word 'kinesis' meaning movement. ... derive integrated rate equations ... In the Arrhenius equation (4.18) the factor e -Ea /RT corresponds to.. by P Keusch · Cited by 3 — speaking, the Arrhenius equation can be applied only to the kinetics of gas reactions. ... It is called 'activation enthalpy' ('activation energy'). Fig. 1 shows the energy ... interchangeably in the literature to define the activation barrier of a reaction.. by Z Mao · 2019 · Cited by 27 — Efforts have been made to define the RDS, and the “degree of rate control” (DRC) is the ... analysis that makes clear its microscopic origin within the reaction-energy diagram, even for the ... predicting apparent activation energies, and that the equation derived here ... This rate equation does not explicitly fit in Arrhenius form.. by Q Li · 2018 · Cited by 17 — Here we experimentally determine Ea and A using heterogeneous ... However, in the nucleation rate equation, values for the apparent activation energy (Ea) and the ... The mathematical derivation of Eq. (1) is based on an imagined ... For example, Fernandez-Martinez et al. and Li et al. reported that the .... Arrhenius equation. k = Ae-Ea/RT; k is rate constant, Ea is activation energy, T is temperature (in Kelvins), R is universal gas constant, A is a constant. What this .... Concept threshold and of activation energy, Arrhenious equation. ... rate constant of a reaction: Arrhenius equation – K=Ae -Ea/RT, Meaning of the symbols of .... Jul 17, 2019 — The activation energy can be determined using the equation: ln(k2/k1) = Ea/R x ... The Arrhenius Equation Formula and Example. The rate .... by TL Turner · 2005 · Cited by 28 — Some of the defining work on biodiesel kinetics took place at US. Department of ... Derivation of the kinetics of a reaction is based upon a few generally accepted ... the Arrhenius equation, which relates reaction coefficients to temperature: )/ exp( ... They also found that the activation energies varied with Reynolds number.. Definition of heat capacity, where s is specific heat: C = ms. Calculation ... number of formula units initially dissoved in soln ... The Arrhenius equation expressing the dependence of the rate constant on activation energy and temperature: k = Ae-Ea/RT. Equation for the graphical determination of activation energy: ln k = (-. Ea.. Define the activation energy of a reaction. ... This problem requires using a derivation of the Arrhenius equation: ln (k2/k1) = Ea/R (1/T1 – 1/T2) some pitfalls of .... The Arrhenius equation describes the relation between a reaction's rate constant and its activation energy, temperature, and dependence on collision orientation. ... a collision is defined as the phenomenon in which a momentum and energy .... Arrhenius equation. The formula used to calculate the energy of activation and justify the effect of temperature on rate of reaction is called Arrhenius Equation.. Arrhenius equation (for reliability) ... AT is the acceleration factor due to changes in temperature; Eaa is the apparent activation energy (eV); k is Boltzmann's .... The Heat of Formation ( H°f) of a compound is defined as the enthalpy of the ... or in solution, follow the Arrhenius empirical equation for the rate constant k (k1): ... of efficient collisions between molecules; Ea is the Arrhenius Activation Energy .... Feb 7, 2019 — It is derived from the Arrhenius reaction rate equation proposed by the Swedish physical ... An example of scatter in life at each test stress level. ... If the activation energy is known then there is only one model parameter .... Hence, this kinetic energy will be available for reaching the activation energy. The derivation of the activation energy formula is from the Arrhenius Equation.. The word 'kinetic' meaning 'moving' comes from the same root as the word 'cinema'. ... equations and their solutions; Van`t Hoff and Arrhenius equations; activation energy ... show understanding of what is meant by the term activation energy;.. Basic knowledge of Mathematical and computer will make student to apply in physical chemistry calculation -. Student will learn how to liquefy gases and their .... by A BROIDO · Cited by 12 — of an asymptotic expansion with a nondimensional activation energy as the large ... by large values of the nondimensional activation ener_q, Z, which is defined by ... attention wiIi be restricted to the weight changes in a single-reaction Arrhenius ... (12). Equation (10) is exact since no approximations have been introduced.. by JP Ibar · 1979 · Cited by 11 — Both the WLF and Arrhenius equations can be rewritten as an identical equation, which strongly suggests that they have the same molecular origin. For instance, we can define a constant activation energy for WLF (free volume) and Arrhenius .... by A Messaâdi · Cited by 52 — In fact, the viscosity Arrhenius energy ( ) can be related to the enthalpy of ... we have tried to give some physical meaning of the proposed equation parameters. ... The second parameter ( ) expresses the activation energy or a gap where the .... Dec 20, 2005 — For example, the rate may be the velocity of action potential ... Each calculator cell shown below corresponds to a term in the formula presented above. ... Arrhenius plot, which yields the activation energy (Ea) for the process .... by D Michel · Cited by 11 — of the pre-exponential term of the Arrhenius equation as an entropic quantity. A second ... taining an energy barrier called activation energy Ea. In the present paper, the ... Eq.(3b), but let us first explain the entropic meaning of.. At a given temperature, the growth rate is a constant, meaning that the oxide thickness ... dependent, with a relationship given by the Arrhenius equation. ... where Αo is a pre-factor and EA is the activation energy for the process. Because it is .... Decoupling the Arrhenius equation via mechanochemistry. Relative to the locations of a given ball mill's regions, activation energy determines. ... of vibration to changing mill speeds at very high solids loading – meaning that under overload.. Definition :- The branch of chemistry which deals with study of reaction rate and their mechanism ... Q.19) Derive rate constant of zero order reaction. (3m) ... Q.29) Write Arrhenius equation which relates the rate constant , activation energy and.. by KJ Laidler · Cited by 879 — where R is the gas constant and E is the activation energy. The apparent ... energy E., is now defined (I) in terms ... 1850, an equation relating the rate constant of a reaction to ... out that if one multiplies out this formula, expands the factor.. Calculation of the Arrhenius activation energy also showed how the ... Variable activation energy signifies a multi-step process and has a meaning of a collective .... quantity.33 Alternate derivations have included altering the form of the term to ... is the denaturation of proteins.38 Protein denaturation originally was defined as a ... for this type of reaction is the Arrhenius equation, which measures the change ... such as the “temperature characteristic” and the “apparent activation energy.. There are several ways to derive the Arrhenius equation. In this section ... exp [− 1. kT. (V (x) − EA)]e. − Ea. kT. (13). Where Ea = E† − EA. The factor. √ kT ... Equation. We begin with the definitions of the Gibb's and Helmholtz free energies:.. by C Vallance · Cited by 3 — The Arrhenius equation and activation energies ... defined as the rate of change of the concentration of a reactant or product divided by its ... We will concentrate on the thermal mechanism for the purposes of deriving a rate law for the.. Define the concepts of activation energy and transition state; Use the Arrhenius equation in calculations relating rate constants to temperature. We should not be .... reactions are used in thermodynamic calculations, such as energy changes and ... For example, the overall reaction for the combustion of methane is given by; ... The Arrhenius Equation is an empirically derived (based on experimental ... frequency factor (A), the activation energy (Ea) and the absolute temperature (T). RT.. Jun 15, 2020 — Arrhenius Equation. Arrhenius proposed a quantitative relationship between rate constant and temperature as: k= Ae-Ea/RT. This equation is .... Jun 13, 2008 — Arrhenius Law - Arrhenius Equation - Van't Hoff Law ... be obtained by using the formula based on the Van 't Hoff Equation or Arrhenius Law. ... ester or for example sulphur in natural rubber, increases the activation energy.. Dec 28, 2020 — Arrhenius equation calculations involve using values for the ... Figuring out how fast a reaction happens means looking at the reaction kinematics. ... This lets you calculate the activation energy and temperature more easily.. by V Agarwal · Cited by 1 — The following thought experiment clarifies the operational meaning of kd. Imagine that ... Since we calculate kd at various values of T, we can make an Arrhenius plot. If the plot is linear, it will provide a numerical value for the activation energy.. arrangement and combination as section, Meaning of P (n,r) and C (n,r), simple ... reactions, Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation, collision .... best expressed through a form of the Arrhenius equation: ... causes degradation, T = temperature, kB = Boltzmann constant, and Ea = the minimum quantity ... In this example, when the stress temperature of the system is increased by 30 °C, the acceler ... This formula is of practical use for larger data sets, including field data.. This chemistry video tutorial focuses on the Arrhenius equation and how to derive it's many different forms .... Mean kinetic temperature (MKT) is defined by the ICH as “A single derived ... takes into account the Arrhenius equation from which Haynes derived his formula. ... Tk = MKT in ºK; ΔH = Heat of activation / activation energy; R = Universal gas .... Table 1 gives definitions of some of the terms used to describe the failure rate of semicon- ... The acceleration factor is determined from the Arrhenius equation. ... By subtracting the two equations, and solving for the activation energy, the .... Arrhenius explained the variation of rate constants with temperature for ... The calculator below solves this equation for the activation energy, given a rate factor ... What are some examples of reactions that slow down when temperature rises?. Method How to determine order and activation energy: Kinetics of li. ... To calculate the pre-exponential factor from the Arrhenius equation see: ... before sample, I'm confused as to whether this means after radiation the sample become less thermally stable or more? ... The historical origin of the rule mentioned is briefly dis.. by R Rates · Cited by 1 — First take natural log of both sides of the Arrhenius equation: a. E. RT k Ae. −. = ... Example: The activation energy of a first order reaction is 50.2 kJ/mol at. 25oC.. by M Menzinger · 1969 · Cited by 244 — The meaning of these parameters has been the subject of much debate. While the Arrhenius equation deals with macro- scopic aspects of chemical reactions, the .... This empirically based model is known as the Arrhenius equation. It takes the ... The Arrhenius activation energy, \(\Delta H\), is all you need to know to calculate .... Food waste can derive from the damage of foodstuffs, food loss, and quality ... The Arrhenius equation, expressed in Eq. (11.2), can be used to define the relation ... Ea is the associated activation energy (J kg21), R is the gas constant (J kg21 .... Mar 2, 2018 — Figure 5.2: Symbolic reaction showing the activation energy barrier. 5.3 Example Calculation of the Arrhenius Parameters. Thus, in designing non .... Sep 22, 2020 — However, if a catalyst is added to the reaction, the activation energy is lowered because a lower-energy ... In thermodynamics, the change in Gibbs free energy, ΔG, is defined as: ... Calculation of Ea using Arrhenius Equation.. We demonstrate that the temperature derivative admittance spectroscopy ... we define the activation energy of a fictitious defect the Arrhenius plot of which .... Day 21: Reaction Energy Diagram and Arrhenius Equation ... The maximum energy along the reaction progress scale is the activation energy, Ea. ... For example, Figure 3 shows the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution for cis-1,2-difluoroethene gas at various temperatures. ... Click here for a different derivation of the equation.. For example, neither for the existence of gravity is there any proof. We just ... Still, in this very good article on the Arrhenius equation, there is also a presentation of ... You can derive the Arrhenius equation from Boltzmann's statistical equations.. A look at the arrhenius equation to show how rate constants vary with temperature ... If you change the temperature or the catalyst, for example, the rate constant changes. ... Note: If you aren't sure about activation energy, you should read the .... Another example is that your skin wants to dissolve in the soap when it is washed. ... The Arrhenius equation does not tell you the rate of the reaction; it tells you the ... The variable Ea is the activation energy for the step, or the height of the hump ... The chemical parts are only the first line and the last line of each derivation.. has a rate coefficient of 1.0 x 10-10 s-1 at 300 K and an activation energy of 111 kJ mol-1. What is the rate coefficient at 273 K? (Solution: calculate the value of A .... 696 x 745 · png PPT - Energy/Reaction Coordinate Diagrams Thermodynamics ... - 1024 x 768 · jpeg Arrhenius Equation Activation Energy Derivation Definition .... The Arrhenius equation is k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), where A is the frequency or ... than or equal to the .... by J Farjas · 2008 · Cited by 34 — parameter defined in Eq. (24) (K-1). B parameter defined in ... The solution of the single-step kinetic equation under isothermal conditions can be obtained by ... where EA is the activation energy and R is the universal gas constant (EA is temperature- ... Arrhenius dependence, the first derivative of Eq. (1) becomes,. ⎥. ⎦. ⎤.. Jan 9, 2012 — Arrhenius HTOL Model ... Reliability is defined as the probability that a component or system will continue to ... Af = Acceleration Factor derived from the Arrhenius equation ... Ea = Activation Energy (eV) of the failure mode.. by ID Page — Take a moment to focus on the meaning of this equation, neglecting the A ... This means that high temperature and low activation energy favor .... 3.1 Derivation; 3.2 Validity of the theory and steric factor ... A kinetic energy greater than a certain minimum, called the activation energy, Ea; The correct ... The reaction rate, may be defined as the number of effective collisions per unit time. ... The product Zρ is equivalent to the preexponential factor of the Arrhenius equation.. the activation energy, Ea. If the collision is ... each other. Temperature has a large effect on having energy > Ea. ... rate law defined in terms of reactants only. ➢ exponents ... Quantified by the Arrhenius Equation for the rate constant k = Ae. Ea/ .... Normally, in the chemistry laboratory we impart the activation energy to a few of the reacting ... equation, even if it is correctly balanced; both the rate constant(s) and the exponent(s) must be ... Scheme 3.2 General form of the rate law and some cautionary examples. • However, in ... Arrhenius equation: k = A•exp(–ΔG. #.. Activation energy - the minimum energy needed to make a reaction happen. Activated Complex ... Here we will use the 2-point version of the Arrhenius Equation.. Larger surface area of catalyst means higher reaction rate (more sites for reaction ... Reaction Rates and Temperature: The Arrhenius Equation ... Fraction of those with correct energy follows Boltzmann equation where Ea = activation energy, .... Understand the form and meaning of a rate law including the ideas of ... how the activation energy affects a rate and be able to use the Arrhenius Equation.. Arrhenius Equation with Example and Activation Energy Graph ... Arrhenius equation is used to calculate the rate of a reaction. It is an important part of chemical .... ... reactions and calculating reaction rates; derivation and application of rate equations of elementary reactions; half-lives; Arrhenius equation and activation energy. ... Determine activation energies and reaction mechanisms from kinetic data. ... using a 'flipped' learning and teaching strategy: this means you will be provided.. To determine the activation energy and pre-exponential factor for the reaction. To ... This means that the rate of the reaction will change only because the concentration of the ... point regarding the Arrhenius equation is that the rate constant (k).. ... is given as the time-derivative of one of the concentrations) to find out how the concentrations change over time. ... For Example, if the initial concentration of a reactant A is 0.100 mole L-1, the ... In order to calculate the activation energy we need an equation that relates the ... This equation is called the Arrhenius Equation:.. Limitations of the idea of Arrhenius activation energy — Both the Arrhenius activation energy and the rate ... Another situation where the explanation of the Arrhenius equation ... must overcome an energy barrier by means of a .... Using the Arrhenius Equation: To obtain activation energies, the rate constant is measured at several different temperatures. These are then plotted as ln k vs.. The Arrhenius equation is an expression that relates the rate constant, ... If the activation energy is expressed in terms of energy per reactant molecule, the ... For example, the value of 'A' for a second-order rate constant is expressed in .... Define the concepts of activation energy and transition state; Use the Arrhenius equation in calculations relating rate constants to temperature. We should not be .... In section 14.12 of the textbook (collision theory), there is an equation for the mean ... It is a long derivation and beyond the detail of first-year general chemistry.. May 7, 2016 — The activation energy by definition, is the minimum energy (or threshold energy) required for two particles of reactants upon collision to form .... The activation energy is the difference between the potential energy of the ... gets close to 1 (e0 = 1), meaning that every particle has sufficient energy to react.. Feb 7, 2012 — The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the ... I 2.3 Limitations of the idea of Arrhenius activation energy.. Arrhenius Equation . ... 14. 3.3.7. Determining Observed Activation Energies . ... 21. 4.3.1. Derivation of the Michaelis-Menten Equation .. ... expressing this dependence is the Arrhenius equation (1): k = A exp(-Ea/RT) (1) The important parameters in this relationship are the activation energy Ea (in .... Arrhenius Equation Activation Energy and Rate Constant K .. ... It is defined as the least possible amount of energy (minimum) which is required to start ... The purpose of this article is to present a derivation in the hope that it will lead to a better .... by A Kulczycki · 2013 · Cited by 6 — Activation energy (Ea) is strictly combined with kinetics of chemical reactions. ... and, the effect of temperature on reaction rates is calculated using the Arrhenius equation. ... What is physical and chemical meaning of those dependences?. Feb 2, 2010 — Once the rate law expression is found, the activation energy of the reaction is found ... transformation of reactants to products and is described by the Arrhenius equation. R. Ea. Ae ... Calculation of the activation energy of this reaction requires reaction rate data at additional temperatures. ... This means that.. The heat of reaction which is usually defined as the difference of the products ... From this calculation we can see that the reaction is endothermic and needs energy to ... The activation energy can be calculated by taking the difference of the ... Let's just walk through the derivation of the preexponential factor step by step.. (vii) The concept of energy: Exothermic and endothermic reactions, concept of ... of a reaction: Arrhenius equation – K=Ae –Ea/RT , Meaning of the symbols A of .... Time independent Schrodinger equation and meaning of various terms ... Concept of activation energy and its calculation from Arrhenius equation. Theories of .... Concept of threshold and activation energy, Arrhenius equation. (i) Meaning of chemical kinetics, Scope and importance of Kinetics of the reaction, slow and fast .... This relation can be "derived" from the Arrhenius equation. ... However, equation (1) is useful in that it allows us to define an "activation energy" in the case .... Arrhenius Equation Activation Energy Derivation Definition ... Activation energy and the activated complex | Energy and ... Amazon.com: Activation Energy .... The Arrhenius equation is a simple, but remarkably accurate, formula for the ... However, a reaction rate is defined by the activation energy and frequency factor .... Jun 26, 2019 — Definition 2.4: is called the Arrhenius activation energy of the reaction: = − ... Figure 2.14: Derivation of the Arrhenius equation.. Arrhenius equation, mathematical expression that describes the effect of ... E is the activation energy for the reaction, R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 joules .... by S Vyazovkin · 2020 · Cited by 13 — Keywords: activation energy; Arrhenius equation; crystallization; ... introduced by van' t Hoff and is defined as a change in the rate ... Such evaluations are commonly made by using another derivative of the rate constant:.. by J Crapse · 2020 · Cited by 1 — The famous Arrhenius equation is well motivated to describe the temperature ... We find that apparent activation energies of different developmental stages vary ... pairs of each organism show different apparent activation energies (example seen in fly Ea = 87 ... The origin and evolution of model organisms.. ... 12 activation energy, 370 Allen-Cahn equation, 230-232 derivation, 245-247 in one dimension, 231 in three dimensions, 232 Arrhenius equation, 371 atomic ... kinetic energy, 325 potential energy, 325 cohesive energy, 62-63 definition, .... by VH Carvalho-Silva · 2019 · Cited by 34 — The Transitivity plot is here defined as the reciprocal of the apparent activation energy vs. ... In this paper, a special attention is dedicated to a derivation of the ... The quantity Ea is termed the “energy of activation” of the reaction; according ... In the Arrhenius plane prompted by Equation (1) the logarithm of a .... by S Sauerbrunn · Cited by 25 — means for determining the kinetic parameters for more complex decompositions. ... The slope of this straight line plot is then used to calculate activation energy ... from dynamic heating rate TGA experiments using a derivation of the Arrhenius.. Arrhenius equation definition is - an equation describing the mathematical relationship ... A is a constant depending on the chemicals involved, E is the activation energy, R is the universal gas ... History and Etymology for Arrhenius equation. 2797947cee
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